Based on green computing rack servers concepts, how do air cooling systems meet the needs of applications with ultimate cooling requirements? 
At the component level, the structural design of components, including fans, air ducts, and radiators, can be optimized to increase heat dissipation efficiency. The positive effects are:
■ More airflow: For efficient air cooling, morairflowow means more coolant to carry away heat. Some of the key factors that increase the amount of air flowing through the rack servers include the Angle of attack of the fan blades and the front and rear window opening area.
■ More stable cooling: at a given energy consumption, the efficiency of the cooling process is directly proportional to the smoothness of the airflow. Therefore, strict requirements for the design of the low-resistance duct are put forward. This involved complex engineering of waveguide vents and backplanes, carefully crafted to mitigate internal turbulence and ensure streamlined airflow. This design is essential for optimizing thermal management, helping to improve the efficiency and energy efficiency of the cooling system.
■ More innovative radiators: Identifying and optimizing radiators can directly improve cooling efficiency. For example, increasing the fin surface area of the radiator can meet the air cooling requirements of a 500W TDP CPU. The siphon radiator uses phase change to achieve efficient heat conduction, which can increase heat dissipation by 15% and reduce power consumption by 10%, meeting the cooling requirements of 350W processors in 1U dual-channel rack servers. EVAC(Enhanced Air Cooling) radiators can reduce CPU temperature from 85°C to 75°C at full load compared to radiators with standard radiators.
■ More efficient power supply: Server manufacturers can choose new battery materials to improve efficiency and stability. For example, rack servers GaN power units (Psus) are now considered the best choice for their high switching frequencies. For example, a GAN-based 3.2 KW titanium PSU can provide a power density of 100 W/in, resulting in a significant reduction in energy consumption.
At the software level, energy-saving measures can be taken through intelligent and fine control of components, including power supply and fan speed. This approach enables the following improvements:
■ Intelligent power control: Through the use of complex programmable logic devices (CPLD) to enhance the intelligent management of hard disk power. This advanced system can selectively limit the system throughput of a particular disk, making it easier for other disks to go to sleep. By implementing disk-level management, this approach can save up to 70 percent in power consumption, marking a significant increase in the energy efficiency of data storage systems.
Optimized cooling strategies: Different workloads require different cooling strategies. In addition to defining different cooling strategies, rack server manufacturers can deploy sensors inside servers to measure real-time temperature information at different locations, enabling dynamic and intelligent control of fans.
At the whole system level, rack-mounted server solutions are a promising solution that can help further reduce energy costs and overall operating expenses by centralizing power, cooling, and management across the entire rack. Compute density for rack-scale server solutions has increased by 100% and procurement costs have been reduced by 80%.
■ By sharing fans, cooling efficiency can be greatly improved. In addition to more efficient fan control, larger fans, such as those larger than 2U, can also be used.
■ With a centralized power supply, the rack scale rack server solution can save 2.5 million KWH of electricity per year on a scale of 1,000 units.
conclusion
With system optimization, servers can now achieve optimal cooling performance. Let's consider multi-node K22V2 rack servers as a prime example. This innovative server features a 2U half-width architecture with nodes placed horizontally, a pioneering design approach. This energy-efficient layout allows the server to cool up to 40% more efficiently than two standard 1U rack-mount servers under the same computing conditions and also achieves a power reduction of up to 8%.